10th Annual Conference

Artwork

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Introduction

Schedule

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Index of Participants

Conference Arrangements

Getting There

Accommodations

Parking

Local Attractions

Maps

Images

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	Portrait of the Reverend Stephen Williams (1693–1782), attributed to Joseph Badger (1708–1765), oil on canvas, ca. 1755. Courtesy the Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1889.04). Williams was ten in 1704, when he was captured during the French and Indian raid on the town of Deerfield.
	Confluence of the Connecticut and Deerfield Rivers, by Orra White Hitchcock (1796–1863), engraving, 1835. Courtesy Historic Deerfield (1999.45). A native of Amherst, Orra White began drawing subjects from nature as a child. She excelled in science, Latin, and Greek, as well as in art, at South Hadley and Roxbury boarding schools before joining the staff of Deerfield Academy in 1813. She published her first colored drawing, “A View of the Falls on the Connecticut River at Gill, Massachusetts” in Portfolio magazine in 1818. In 1821 she married Edward Hitchcock, a distinguished scientist, educator, and minister who had served as headmaster of Deerfield Academy and later became president of Amherst College. After her husband’s appointment as Massachusetts State geologist in 1830, Orra White Hitchcock traveled with him on the expeditions that led to his production of Reports on the Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, and Zoology of Massachusetts, for which she provided the illustrations.
	Abenaki woman and man, artist unknown, watercolor, eighteenth century. Courtesy City of Montreal. Records Management and Archives. In Captors and Captives: The 1704 French and Indian Raid on Deerfield (Amherst and Boston, 2003, p. 228) Evan Haefeli and Kevin Sweeney call attention to the combination of European and native materials that compose the couple’s attire.
Intro
	Tape loom, maker unknown, wood, ca. 1800. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1883.31.1). The weaver held this loom between her knees as she fashioned narrow bands for garters and decorative trimming.
	Detail, Portrait of Rhoda Smith Bardwell (1775–1818), attributed to Charles Lyman (1778–1814), oil on canvas mounted on masonite, ca. 1794. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1889.30.09). A student at Deerfield Academy, Rhoda was a daughter of Captain and Mrs. Reuben Smith of Northfield, Massachusetts, where the portrait was painted. She attended Deerfield Academy in 1800 and married Henry Bardwell of Deerfield in 1807.
11th Annual
	Flax spinning wheel, Saxony style with decorative turnings, maker unknown, wood, ca. 1775. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1914.07).
	West View from Holyoke by Orra White Hitchcock, engraving, 1835. Courtesy Historic Deerfield (1999.45).
	Detail, Huron woman and man, artist unknown, watercolor, eighteenth century. Courtesy City of Montreal. Records Management and Archives. Haefeli and Sweeney point out that the beadwork and jewelry worn by this couple are traditional Huron items, while the blankets and the man’s shirt and hat are made of European cloth. Captors and Captives, p. 216.
Sessions
	Detail, frontispiece from Poems on Various Subjects by Phillis Wheatley (1753–1784), printed paper and ink, 1773, London. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (L98.054.frex). Lack of interest in her poems by Boston publishers led Phillis Wheatley and other members of the Wheatley family to take her work to London for publication.
	Piano, ca. 1805, maker Muzio Clementi (1752–1832), joined rectangular case set on frame with four legs and stretcher-like shelf; mahogany, satinwood, holly, and cypress trim, Cheapside, London. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1872.13.01). Susan Barker of Hingham, Massachusetts, is thought to have brought this piano with her to Deerfield in 1808, when she married the Reverend Samuel Willard.
	Detail, tombstone of Mary Harvey and stillborn child, 1785, attributed to Solomon Ashley (1754–1823) of Deerfield. Albany Road Burying Ground, Historic Deerfield. Photograph © Allison W. Bell, 2003.
Friday
	War of 1812 commemorative pitcher, creator unknown, transfer-printed creamware, ca. 1813, Staffordshire, England. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (MH.F.003). The pitcher celebrates American naval victories over Great Britain during the War of 1812, by captains Isaac Hull and Jacob Jones.
	Mount Vernon, maker Caroline Stebbins (1789–1865), silk on silk embroidery, ca. 1807. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1893.07). Miss Stebbins was a student at Deerfield Academy 1804–1807, where, in addition to grammar, arithmetic, history, and geography, she studied embroidery, painting, music, and map making.
	View from Mount Holyoke, by William Henry Bartlett (1809–1854), steel engraving, 1839. Courtesy Historic Deerfield (91.68). A prolific British illustrator, Bartlett recorded his travels throughout the world in drawings that were subsequently etched onto steel plates and printed. The most successful collection of his work from this country was published as American Scenery: or Land, Lake, and River Illustrations of Transatlantic Nature by Nathaniel Willis (London, 1839–1840).
Saturday
	First Church of Deerfield pewter flagon, ca. 1680–1700, attributed to Thomas Lupton, London. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (MH.H.02). After 1603 the Church of England allowed communion wine to be served in pewter as well as silver vessels.
	Detail, tombstone of Deacon Samuel Field (1678–1762), possibly carved by the shop of Nathaniel Phelps (1721–1789) of Northampton, Massachusetts. Albany Road Burying Ground, Historic Deerfield. Photograph © Allison W. Bell, 2003.
	Detail, tombstone of Samuel Bardwell (1685–1771), carving attributed to Coomer Soule (1747–1777) and Beza Soule (1750–1835). Albany Road Burying Ground, Historic Deerfield. Photograph © Allison W. Bell, 2003.
	“SW” joined chest, for the storage of textiles, maker unknown, oak and pine, ca. 1695–1720, Hatfield, Massachusetts. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1892.18.03).
Sunday
	Albany Road Burying Ground, Historic Deerfield. Photograph © Allison W. Bell, 2003.
	Detail, tombstone of Daniel Arms (1687–1753), possibly carved by the Northampton shop of Nathaniel Phelps, Albany Road Burying Ground, Historic Deerfield. Photograph © Allison W. Bell, 2003.
	Plan de la Ville de Montréal levé en l’année 1704 by Levasseur de Néré. National Archives of Canada. Montreal is the city to which many Deerfield captives were taken.
	Detail: New England Primer, ca. 1800, printed paper. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (L00.032).
Getting There
	Ditch or ridge plow, maker unknown, hickory and iron, 1780–1820. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1999.13). This was a specialized implement for planting and harvesting root crops such as potatoes.
	Mourning embroidery, maker Martha Phelps, silk on silk, 1804, Deerfield, Massachusetts. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1990.01). Martha Phelps arrived at Deerfield Academy a month after her mother’s death. In making the embroidery she used traditional funerary images such as weeping willows and urns to memorialize her recently deceased parent and a younger brother who had died in 1800.
	Chest, for storage of textiles, maker unknown, oak, 1640–1680. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (CRR.02). The arcaded carving on this chest, which originally had legs and a lid, is similar to a style employed on similar furniture made in the Windsor, Connecticut, vicinity. This piece descended in the Hoyt family and probably came to Deerfield from Windsor in 1682, with the son of the original owner.
Accommodations
	Powder horn, maker unknown, cow’s horn, 1735–1746, Deerfield, Massachusetts. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1910.16). Although similar to powder horns from an earlier period, the descendants of Eliezer Hawks of Deerfield believe this one to have been in his possession when he met his death in a raid on the town by Mohawks in 1746, during King George’s War.
	Prisoner halter, maker Kanien’kehaka (Mohawk) Indian, vegetable fiber, moose hair, glass beads, 1746, Kahnawake, Quebec. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (IR.A.26). Found after the Mohawks’ 1746 attack on Deerfield, the halter, which was lined with porcupine quills, would have been tied around a captive’s neck. Two warriors, one walking in front and the other behind, held the end of a line to maintain control of the prisoner.
	Detail, tombstone of Martha Bardwell (1694–1777), carved by Solomon Ashley of Deerfield. Albany Road Burying Ground, Historic Deerfield. Photograph © Allison W. Bell, 2003.
Parking
	Bayonet, maker unknown, brass and steel, 1670–1700, France. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (1950.01). More likely to be used as a dagger in America, this weapon was, according to the owners’ family history, taken from an Indian killed in a skirmish at the time of King Philip’s War (1675–1676).
	Great wheel for spinning wool, maker unknown, oak and pine, ca. 1780, New England. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (DR.130).
Local Attractions
	Detail, Silhouette of Abigail Whitney Chandler (1786–1833), maker unknown, negative cut on paper, 1808, Shelburne, Massachusetts. Courtesy Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association (N.223). This silhouette was cut from the Greenfield Gazette on October 3, 1808, the day after Miss Whitney married the Reverend Amariah Chandler.
	Albany Road Burying Ground, Historic Deerfield. Photograph © Allison W. Bell, 2003.
	Detail, tombstone of Daniel Arms (1687–1753), possibly carved by the Northampton shop of Nathaniel Phelps, Albany Road Burying Ground, Historic Deerfield. Photograph © Allison W. Bell, 2003.